Cell references

They are used when you do not want the reference of a field to change even when you drag down a formula or copy it to another cell. For example:

=SUM(C9+G12)

If you drag this formula down to the cell below it will change to the following formula:

=SUM(C10+G13)

It will automatically add one. A, absolute cell reference stops this automatic incrementation. If you put an absolute cell reference as follows:

=SUM(C9+$G$12)

This will continue to increment the C9 part but the G12 field will always be the same.